Parasitism is a form of interspecific interaction, in which the representative of a (parasite) type exists partially or completely at the expense of a representative of another type (owner). The taxonomic list of parasitic forms that affect a person is extremely extensive
Parasites are found among arthropods, mollusks, worms, mushrooms, simple organisms, and this is not the entire list. Pathrot bacteria and viruses, from the medical point of view, are also parasites.
In this article, we will talk about parasitic forms of representatives of the Kingdom of Properties (Protozoa). Parasites are always an unpleasant and undesirable phenomenon; Therefore, to combat them effectively, you need to know as much as possible about them.
Kingdom representatives are often called unicellular organisms. These are creatures consisting of only one cell, which has constant form, such as ciliades, or capable of cytoplasmatic movements, such as amoeba.
Many protozoa are equipped with movement organs, represented in the form of flagella, eyelashes or pseudopods. Its dimensions float from microscopic to several millimeters. The body's cage contains a set of organelles that performs functions similar to organs of more complex organisms.
The kingdom is represented by almost 15. 000 species, most of which live in the aquatic and soil environment.
However, there are a part of unicellular organisms that prefer a parasitic lifestyle. A person's simplest parasites can cause a disease as protozoa - sometimes taking severe forms to death. Sometimes it is very difficult to get rid of the parasite in the body.
Protozoan has a protection mechanism - the transfer of adverse environmental conditions in an inactive state. The cell is covered with a dense and impenetrable shell, becomes cysts and, in a non -receptive form, can be for long. Incest is also used by the simplest to distribute them.
The difference of species
The simplest people of a person differ in structure, the method of introducing them into the body and caused disease. For the best information structure, the main material on unicellular organisms is presented briefly in the table.
Some representatives of Protozoa parasitating in the human body, their brief description:
| Type, caused diseases and organ systems, subject to damage | Symptoms | Ways of infection, carriers | Infecting stage of the parasite life cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| The class is flagellate | |||
|
Skin leishmaniasis is characterized by the formation of necrotic ulcers in affected areas of the skin. Visceral leishmaniasis causes acute inflammatory reactions of affected organs, with ulceration and bleeding. | They fall into the bloodstream with a mosquito bite, with its saliva. Bearers - Hot Blood Animals, including humans; The carrier is a mosquito. | Promastigote (form of the flagellate body). |
|
Enteritis, allergies, asthma, depression, nerve disorders, cracks, dry skin, cholecystitis, etc. | The fecal-oral path of infection through food and water. Bearers - Hot Blood Animals, including humans; Transporters - Synanthropic insects (flies, cockroaches). | Stage of the cysts. |
|
With itching, burning in the genital area, discomfort during urination, abundant detrimental discharge of the genitals. Complications with the development of infertility are possible. | Sexual path of infection; through the mouth; through the rectum; When air inhaled; It is possible to transmit parasites during mother's birth to child. A carrier and carrier is a person. | Any stage of the life cycle: flagellates (adults), amoboid (intermediate, more invasive), cyst. |
|
An increase in lymph nodes, pathological processes in the spleen liver, damage to the nervous system is characterized by excessive drowsiness and a fatal result usually occurs. The disease develops up to two years. | Enters the bloodstream during the insect bite with its saliva; When sheds blood. The carrier is hot -blooded animals, including humans, a carrier - a tseche fly (African tripanosomiais), a tritomic bug (American trigonosomosis). | Tripomastigote stage (characteristic of membrane oscillation and the ability to move). |
| Spores | |||
|
The latent and chronic form continues asymptomatic; Symptoms in an acute way are manifested from the affected organs. The most dangerous for pregnant women and newly widely children leads to severe disorders and congenital pathologies to the death of the fetus. | Path of fecal oral infection through unused milk, meat; with insect bites; During mother's pregnancy to child. Harshes and transporters are warm -blooded animals, including humans. | Stage of the cysts. |
|
An increase in body temperature, chills, fever, can lead to serious injuries of the kidneys, nervous system, a fatal result is possible. | Enters a person's blood flow during a bite with an insect saliva; Transmission during pregnancy from mother to child; When sheds blood. The carrier is a person, a carrier is a mosquito of malaria. | Sports stage (the final form of the sex cycle of sporiks). |
| Infusory class | |||
|
Ulceration of the large intestine mucosa membrane is accompanied by diarrhea of the blood mesh, and the fatal result occurs often. | The fecal-oral path of infection through fruits, vegetables, non-processed pork. The carrier is a pig, a carrier - synanthropic insects (flies, cockroaches). | Stage of the cysts. |
| Sarcodes class | |||
|
The asymptomatic and demstrative form of the form of the disease. Intestinal amoebiasis is manifested by bloody diarrhea and vomiting; Extrahered amoebiasis is characterized by acute liver lesions, lungs and other organs. | Fecal-oral path of infection through vegetables, fruits, green; Anal sex. The carrier is hot -blooded animals, most of the time, humans, transporters - synanthropic insects (flies, cockroaches). | Quad -core cyst stage. |
As a rule, for all protozoa, a very complex and multi -stagnation life cycle is characterized by a very complex and multi -stages life cycle, which includes different in form, degree of activity and functional stages of the internship.
Unicellular organisms usually occur by simple cell division in two, but some classes, along with division, are also inherent in a more complex reproductive process with the exchange of genetic information, for example, representatives of the flagella class.
Moreover, protozoan life forms are not universal for all classes. Several stages of the parasitic life cycle can occur in organisms of different animal species.
Therefore, some of them are constant owners, parasite carriers, while others play the role of infection carrier. In addition, individual life cycle stages can occur within the same individual, but in different organs.
Symptoms of invasion depend on the stage of the parasite life cycle, the resistance of the human body, the degree of infection and location. Often, the disease is accompanied by non -specific symptoms, as a result of which the diagnosis of protozoan infection is always extremely difficult.
According to the latest WHO data, more than 1 billion people are infected with parasites. What's worse is that parasites are extremely difficult to detect.
- nervousness, weakness, drowsiness;
- frequent headaches;
- allergic reactions and itching;
- smell of the mouth, license plate and language;
- change in body weight;
- diarrhea, constipation and stomach pain;
- Exacerbation of chronic diseases.
All of these are possible signs of parasites in your body. The parasites are very dangerous, they can lead to deadly diseases. The diseases caused by parasites assume a chronic form.